Reluctantly the legislature complied by adding an agriculture college to the University of South Carolina in 1887. Carteret would later inherit the title Earl Granville, and the management of his land, known as the Granville District, would cause problems for colonists later on. Absentees on Sunday must return to the plantation by sunset. They were among the first to experience colonial contact by the Spanish colony in the state during the 16th century. The remaining South Carolina plantations were especially hard hit when worldwide cotton markets turned down in 18261832 and again in 18371849. [106] The political loss affected educated and illiterate men alike. [9][10][11] Around 10,000 BCE, they began to use spears and hunted big game. In the Upper South, inspired by revolutionary ideals and activist preachers, state legislatures passed laws making it easier for slaveholders to manumit (free) their slaves both during their lifetimes or by wills. Most of the settlers on the North established tobacco farms. Mostly poor, this group settled in an underdeveloped area because they could not afford expensive land. Columbia was protected by an arsenal. The American Civil War began in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked the American fort at Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. They must be "especially civil and polite to their masters, their masters' families and guests", and they in return would receive "gentle and kind treatment." At various points in their careers, William H. Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay 17761854, p. 291, William H. Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay 17761854, p. 308, William H. Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists Triumphant 18541861, pp. The Native Americans nearly destroyed the colony. [30] They were destroyed in 1681, and, afterward, the Chalaques split into the Yuchi of North Carolina and the Cherokee to the south, with other fragment groups wandering off into different areas. Trade between the coastal plain and the piedmont developed. Taxes across the board were reduced, and funding was cut for public social and educational programs that assisted poor whites and blacks. Joseph Hall, "The Great Indian Slave Caper", review of Alan Gallay, "The Regulator Movement in South Carolina", "Lumbee Language and the Lumbee Indian Culture (Croatan, Croatoan, Pamlico, Carolina Algonquian)", Peter A. Coclanis, "Global perspectives on the early economic history of South Carolina,", J. Lorand Matory, "The Illusion of Isolation: The Gullah/Geechees and the Political Economy of African Culture in the Americas", Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, "Rice, Indigo, and Fever in Colonial South Carolina", "Slavery and the Making of America. Andrew Pickens Butler argued against Charleston publisher Robert Barnwell Rhett, who advocated immediate secession and, if necessary, independence. [25][26] The eight nobles ruled the Province of Carolina as a proprietary colony. Scarborough, William K., "Propagandists for Secession: Edmund Ruffin of Virginia and Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina". Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Geographically they were strongest in the backcountry. Historians estimate that Carolinians exported 24,00051,000 Native American slaves from 1670 to 1717, sending them to markets ranging from Boston in North America to Barbados. Disagreement on this issue had been increasing in strength for decades between churches of the Northern and Southern United States; in 1845 it resulted in a schism . In 1876, Wade Hampton made more than forty speeches across the state. [1] Near the beginning of the 18th century, planters began rice culture along the coast, mainly in the Georgetown and Charleston areas. While tensions mounted between the Crown and the Carolinas, some key southern Pastors became a target of King George: " this church (Bullock Creek) was noted as one of the "Four Bees" in King George's bonnet due to its pastor, Rev. Why Did The Carolina Colony Split Theblogy.com In 2014, Scott won election to the office and became the first African-American to serve as U.S. When the importation of slaves became illegal in 1808, South Carolina was the only state that still allowed importation, which had been prohibited in the other states. The Civil War would ruin the states economy, and continued reliance on agriculture cultivation as its main economic base, made South Carolina one of the poorer states economically in the country. In the 1880s, Jim Crow laws were passed that were especially severe in the state, to create public segregation and control movement of African American laborers. A Republican legislature supported by Freedmen, northern carpetbaggers and local white Southern scalawags, created and funded a public school system, and created social welfare institutions. In 1629, Charles I, king of England, granted his attorney general a charter to everything between latitudes 36 and 31. Hodges called for a fresh tax base to improve public education. Hine, William C. "Dr. Benjamin A. Boseman, Jr.: Charleston's Black Physician-Politician", in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. They pressured the legislature to establish an agriculture college. [13] Stallings Culture sites were semi-permanent; pottery here preceded crop domestication and inhabitants relied mainly on shellfish harvesting. By the late 20th century, South Carolina voted solidly Republican in presidential elections, although state and local government elections would be contested by both parties. Using as a model the "Mississippi Plan", which had redeemed that state in 1874, South Carolina whites used intimidation, violence, persuasion, and control of the blacks. He supported the flag's transfer to a Confederate monument on the State House's grounds. But at the same time, the colonists were building a new society along the coast, with farms, towns, and quietly functioning local government. People lost jobs over their political views. When did North Carolina and South Carolina split? About 45% of the Loyalists were small farmers, 30% were merchants, artisans or shopkeepers; 15% were large farmers or plantation owners; 10% were royal officials. Edgefield and Laurens counties had more votes for Democratic candidate Wade Hampton III than the total number of registered voters in either county. Having lived as a minority among the majority-black slaves, they feared that, if freed, the slaves would try to "Africanize" the whites' cherished society and culture. They liked the idea so much, they went on to capture and domesticate other animals, such as geese and turkeys. Province of Carolina - Wikipedia It became an official English Royal Colony in 1729. The Redeemers organized hundreds of rifle clubs. [94] (The Reconstruction legislature had opened the college to blacks and established supplemental programs to prepare them for study. American Civil War | History, Summary, Dates, Causes, Map, Timeline Other legislative initiatives by the Conservatives benefited its primary supporters, the planters and business class. Why did Carolina Split into North and South Carolina? - YouTube These are but the forms in which the despotic nature of the government is evinced but it is the despotism which constitutes the evil: and until this Government is made a limited Government there is no liberty no security for the South. Kantrowitz, Stephen. Other taxes were removed, but tea taxes remained. The lone Proprietor was John Carteret, Earl Granville, who retained the Granville Tract in North Carolina without governing control until the American Revolution. Slavery was so rampant that Africans quickly became the dominant ethnic group in the South, particularly around CharlesTown, which was eventually renamed Charleston. Known as the Conservatives, or the Bourbons, they favored a minimalist approach by the government and a conciliatory policy towards blacks while maintaining white supremacy. [46] Huguenot Protestant refugees from France were welcomed and many became mechanics and businessmen. By the end of the 16th century, the Spanish and French had left the area of South Carolina after several reconnaissance missions, expeditions and failed colonization attempts, notably the short-living French outpost of Charlesfort followed by the Spanish town of Santa Elena on modern-day Parris Island between 1562 and 1587. By 1729 there were settlements on each of North Carolina's major river systems. Taxes had been exceedingly low before the war because the planter class refused to support programs such as education welfare. Why Did South Carolina And North Carolina Split? In 1800, Charleston had the largest Jewish population of any city in the United States. Almost everyone in 18th-century South Carolina felt the pressures, constraints, and opportunities associated with the growing importance of trade. The proprietors retained their right to the land until 1719, when the South Carolina was officially made a crown colony. The Red Shirts turned the tide in South Carolina, convincing whites that this could indeed be the year they regain control and terrorizing blacks to stay away from voting, due to incidents such as the Hamburg Massacre in July, the Ellenton riots in October,[90] and other similar events in Aiken County and Edgefield District. Ku Klux Klan raids began shortly after the end of the war, as a first stage of insurgency. In March 1776, South Carolina statesmen adopted a temporary system of provincial government, a precursor to the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. One such region I will talk about toda. What is implied or conveyed unintentionally in the source? In 1712, North Carolina split from South Carolina. He claimed that he would personally join the expected majority in saying "no" on legalized gambling, but vowed not to campaign against it. [107], In the 1880s Atlanta editor Henry W. Grady won attention in the state for his vision of a "New South", a South based on the modern industrial model. May, 2018. After the Yamasee War of 17151717, the Lords Proprietors came under increasing pressure from settlers and were forced to relinquish their charter to the Crown in 1719. John C. Calhoun noted that the dry and barren West could not support a plantation system and would remain without slaves. The Tillman movement succeeded in enacting a number of Tillman's proposals and pet projects. About 4500 white Loyalists left South Carolina when the war ended, with the others staying in state. Hodges alienated moderate voters sufficiently so that in 2002, most of the state's major newspapers supported the Republican Mark Sanford to replace him. What do I know about the historical context of this source? In the North, the soil and climate favored smaller farmsteads rather than large plantations, which did not need slavery to operate them. Historian Eric Foner writes: The book depicted a state engulfed by political corruption, drained by governmental extravagance, and under the control of "a mass of black barbarism." North and South Carolina's "split," decreed from the British Crown, was complete by 1729. The North: A Titan of Industry The antebellum Northern United States was recognized by its tight-knit immigrant communities and industrial might. This angered Northerners, who accused the state of imposing semi-slavery on the freedmen. Woody, Robert H. "Jonathan Jasper Wright, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, 187077". It was the first state to declare its secession in 1860 in response to the election of Abraham Lincoln. Upon his election, Hodges announced that he agreed with Beasley's increasingly popular compromise proposal on the Confederate flag issue. He said that a "spate of racially motivated violence compelled him to reconsider the politics and symbolism of the Confederate flag, and he concluded it should be moved. Former United Methodist churches face first Sunday since split Fort Sumter was vastly outgunned by shore batteries and was too small to be a military threat but it had high symbolic value. One exception was the Waxhaw settlement on the lower Catawba River along the North Carolina-South Carolina boundary, where Loyalism was strong. Quakers, Methodists, and Baptists urged slaveholders to free their slaves. Library of Congress, "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 17741875. Later, the United States amalgamated the Catawba with the Cherokee and they were sent west on the Trail of Tears after the drafting of the Indian Removal Act in the 1830s. ", Primary Source: A Bill to Prevent All Persons from Teaching Slaves to Read or Write, the Use of Figures Excepted (1830), Primary Source: Academies for Boys and Girls, Primary Source: First Year at New Garden Boarding School, A Timeline of North Carolina Colleges (17661861), Primary Source: From the North Carolina Gold-Mine Company, Primary Source: The Workings of a Gold Mine, Primary Source: Elisha Mitchell Explores the Mountains, Primary Source: Debating War with Britain: For the War, Primary Source: Debating War with Britain: Against the War, Primary Source: The Burning of Washington, Primary Source: Dolley Madison and the White House Treasures, The Expansion of Slavery and the Missouri Compromise, Primary Source: Reporting on Nat Turner: The North Carolina Star, Sept. 1, Primary Source: Reporting on Nat Turner: The Raleigh Register, Sept. 1, Primary Source: Reporting on Nat Turner: The Raleigh Register, Sept. 15, Primary Source: News Reporting of Insurrections in North Carolina, Primary Source: Letter Concerning Nat Turner's Rebellion, Primary Source: Andrew Jackson Calls for Indian Removal, Primary Source: "We have unexpectedly become civilized", Primary Source: The Indian Removal Act of 1830, Primary Source: Cherokee Nation v. the State of Georgia, 1831, Primary Source: Chief John Ross Protests the Treaty of New Echota, Primary Source: A Soldier Recalls the Trail of Tears, Reform Movements Across the United States, Primary Source: 1835 Amendments to the North Carolina Constitution, Primary Source: North Carolina's First Public School Opens, Primary Source: Dorothea Dix Pleads for a State Mental Hospital, Primary Source: The Raleigh Female Benevolent Society, Social Divisions in Antebellum North Carolina, Primary Source: The Quakers and Anti-Slavery, Primary Source: Ned Hyman's Appeal for Manumission, Primary Source: A Petition to Free a White Slave, Primary Source: A Sampling of Black Codes, Primary Sources: Advertising Recapture and Sale of Enslaved People, Primary Source: Freedom-Seekers and the Great Dismal Swamp, Primary Source: Antislavery Feeling in the Mountains, Primary Source: James Evan's Seasons on a Farm, Primary Source: Henry William Harrington Jr.'s Diary, Primary Source: The Duties of a Young Woman, Primary Source: Southern Cooking and Housekeeping Book, 1824, Primary Source: Frederick Law Olmstead on Naval Stores in Antebellum North Carolina, Primary Source: Stagville Plantation Expenses Records, Primary Source: Stagville Plantation Expansion Records, Primary Source: Excerpt from James Curry's Autobiography, Primary Source: Interview with Fountain Hughes, Primary Source: Harriet Jacobs Book Excerpt, Primary Source: Lunsford Lane Buys His Freedom, Primary Source: James Curry Escapes from Slavery, Primary Source: Cameron Family Plantation Records, American Indian Cabinetmakers in Piedmont North Carolina, Estimated Cost of the North Carolina Rail Road, 1851, Primary Source: Jane Caroline North's Traveling Diary, Joining Together in Song: Piedmont Music in Black and White, Primary Source: African American Spirituals, Primary Source: I'm Gwine Home on de Mornin' Train, Primary Source: The Ballad of Frankie Silver, Primary Source: All Hail to Thee, Thou Good Old State, Primary Source: George Moses Horton's "Death of an Old Carriage Horse", Primary Source: UNC Dismisses Benjamin Hedrick, Primary Source: Helper's The Impending Crisis of the South, Primary Source: Furor Over Hinton Helper's Book, Timeline of the Civil War, JanuaryJune 1861, Primary Source: North Carolinians Debate Secession, Primary Source: A Virginia Boy Volunteers, Primary Source: A UNC Student Asks to Sign Up, Primary Source: The North Carolina Oath of Allegiance, Timeline of the Civil War, July 1861-July 1864, The Civil War: from Bull Run to Appomattox, North Carolina as a Civil War Battlefield: May 1861-April 1862, Primary Source: Rose O'Neal Greenhow Describes the Battle of Manassas, Primary Source: The Battle of Roanoke Island, Primary Source: The Burning of Elizabeth City, North Carolina as a Civil War Battlefield, May 1862November 1864, Primary Source: The RaleighStandardProtests Conscription, Primary Source: Cargo Manifests of Confederate Blockade Runners, Primary Source: The Emancipation Proclamation, Primary Source: Iowa Royster on the March into Pennsylvania, Primary Source: Rose O'Neal Greenhow to Jefferson Davis, "I am sorry to tell that some of our brave boys has got killed", A Civil War at Home: Treatment of Unionists, Timeline of the Civil War, August 1864May 1865, North Carolina as a Civil War Battlefield, November 1864May 1865, Wilmington, Fort Fisher, and the Lifeline of the Confederacy, Parole Signed by the Officers and Men in Johnston's Army, Primary Source: Catherine Anne Devereux Edmondston and the Collapse of the Confederacy, Freedmen's Schools: The school houses are crowded, and the people are clamorous for more, Address of The Raleigh Freedmen's Convention, Timeline of Reconstruction in North Carolina, Primary Source: Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation, Primary Source: Black Codes in North Carolina, 1866, Primary Source: Catherine Edmondston and Reconstruction, Primary Source: Amending the U.S. Constitution, African Americans Get the Vote in Eastern North Carolina, Primary Source: Military Reconstruction Act, "Redemption" and the End of Reconstruction, Primary Source: The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, Primary Source: Governor Holden Speaks Out Against the Ku Klux Klan, Primary Source: The Murder of "Chicken" Stephens, Primary Source: "Address to the Colored People of North Carolina", North Carolina in the New South (1870-1900), Life on the Land: The Piedmont Before Industrialization, Primary Source: A Sharecropper's Contract, Growth and Transformation: the United States in the Gilded Age, The Struggles of Labor and the Rise of Labor Unions, Timeline of North Carolina Colleges and Universities, 18651900, Student Life at the Normal and Industrial School, Wealth and Education by the Numbers, North Carolina 1900, Primary Source: Southern Women and the Bicycle, Primary Source: Warm Springs Hotel Advertisement, Primary Source: Tourism Advertisement for Southern Pines, NC, "The duty of colored citizens to their country", Populists, Fusionists, and White Supremacists: North Carolina Politics from Reconstruction to the Election of 1898, George Henry White: a Biographical Sketch, Letter from an African American Citizen of Wilmington to the President, J. Allen Kirk on the 1898 Wilmington Coup, North Carolina in the Early 20th Century (19001929), Turn of the 20th Century Technology and Transportation, Primary Source: New Bern Daily Journal on Municipal Electric Services, Primary Source: Max Bennet Thrasher on Rural Free Delivery, Primary Source: Consequences of the Telephone, Primary Source: Newspaper Coverage of the First Flight, Primary Source: Letter Promoting the Good Roads Movement, Primary Source: Charles Brantley Aycock and His Views on Education, Primary Source: Woman's Association for Improving School Houses, Primary Source: Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, Primary Source: Bulletin on Sanitation and Privies, Propaganda and Public Opinion in the First World War, The Increasing Power of Destruction: military technology in World War I, Primary Source: The Importance of Camp Bragg, Primary Source: Speech on Conditions at Camp Greene, Primary Source: Letter Home from the American Expeditionary Force, Primary Source: Governor Bickett's speech to the Deserters of Ashe County, North Carolina and the "Blue Death": The Flu Epidemic of 1918, Primary Source: Bulletin on Stopping the Spread of Influenza, Primary Source: Speech on Nationalism from Warren Harding, African American Involvement in World War I, Primary Source: Proceedings from the North Carolina Equal Suffrage League, Primary Source: Alice Duer Miller's "Why We Oppose Votes for Men", Gertrude Weil Urges Suffragists to Action, North Carolina and the Women's Suffrage Amendment, Gertrude Weil Congratulates and Consoles Suffragists, Primary Source: Letter Detailing Triracial Segregation in Robeson County, Primary Source: George White Speaks Out Against Lynchings, W. E. B. Create your account. The slave trade adversely affected tribes throughout the Southeast and exacerbated enmity and competition among some of them. On July 29, 1835, Charleston Postmaster Alfred Huger found abolitionist literature in the mail, and refused to deliver it. Province of North Carolina was a province of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. Joseph Alexander, preaching open rebellion to the British Crown in June 1780. The Gullah adapted to elements of American society during the slavery years. After the Revolutionary War, numerous slaves were freed. Why did Carolina split into north and south? - Heimduo In 1691, the Proprietors appointed a governor for all of Carolina and a deputy governor for its northern half, and this arrangement provided better administration. Lincoln argued that the United States were "one nation, indivisible", and denied the Southern states' right to secede. While many individuals chose to take up arms against the British, the British forced the people to choose sides, as they were trying to recruit Loyalists for a militia. Though North Dakota is generally considered . Under military supervision, the Sea Islands became a laboratory for education, with Northern missionary teachers finding former enslaved adults as well as children eager for learning. These raids were particularly prevalent in the upstate, and they reached a climax in 187071. North of the Sewee were the Croatan, an Algonquian nation related to the Chowanoke, Piscataway, Nanticoke, and Powhatan further north. 1712. When and why did Carolina split into North & South? In the early colonial years, social boundaries were fluid between indentured laborers and slaves, and there was considerable intermarriage. By 2000, only 24,000 farms were left, with fewer than 2% of the population; many others lived in rural areas on what were once farms, but they commuted to non-farm jobs. On Nov. 2, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison signed the papers to admit North and South Dakota as two separate states, along with Montana and Washington. The state continued its rapid pace of industrialization, which gave rise to a new class of white voters, the cotton mill workers. The U.S. Supreme Court (in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council) ruled that the state, in forbidding construction on threatened beachfront property, had, in effect, seized the plaintiff's property without due process of law. Under a ground swell of such Calvin Protestant leadership, South Carolina moved from a back seat to the front in the war against tyranny. Map shows Edenton, Bath, New Bern, Cape Fear, and Charles Town (Charleston) in relation to the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. In the 1980s, social battles over the display of the Confederate flag following the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement were related to these differing interpretations and the blacks' nearly century of struggle to regain the exercise of constitutional rights lost to Conservative Democrats after Reconstruction. The Proprietors sold their shares of the Carolinas back to Britain in 1729. Prior to the American Revolution, the British began taxing American colonies to raise revenue. Second-tier and third-tier auto parts suppliers to BMW likewise established assembly and distribution facilities near the factory, creating a significant shift in manufacturing from textiles to automotive. Coastal towns began shipbuilding to support their trade, using the prime timbers of the live oak. The 1900 census demonstrated the extent of disfranchisement: a total of 782,509 African Americans made up more than 58 percent of the state's population, essentially without any representation. Many became slaveholders. Rogers Jr. George C. and C. James Taylor. In 1820, the legislature ended personal manumissions, requiring all slaveholders to gain individual permission from the legislature before manumitting anyone. King and Parliament wanted taxes collected, colonists defended, and order maintained -- just as most residents of North Carolina did -- and they didn't believe that the various proprietors were managing their colonies properly. [60] Calhoun and Senator Henry Clay agreed upon the Compromise Tariff of 1833, which would lower rates over 10 years. "[73][71], South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Dates of the Carolina split vary, but the most. Label vector designed by Ibrandify - Freepik.com, Two Worlds: Prehistory, Contact, and the Lost Colony (to 1600), The Creation and Fall of Man, From Genesis, Maintaining Balance: The Religious World of the Cherokees, Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest, Juan Pardo, the People of Wateree, and First Contact, The Spanish Empire's Failure to Conquer the Southeast, Primary Source: Amadas and Barlowe Explore the Outer Banks, Primary Source: John White Searches for the Colonists, Introduction to Colonial North Carolina (1600-1763), Primary Source: A Declaration and Proposals of the Lords Proprietors of Carolina (1663), William Hilton Explores the Cape Fear River, Primary Source: A Brief Description of the Province of Carolina, Primary Source: The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669), The Present State of Carolina [People and Climate], Primary Source: An Act to Encourage the Settlement of America (1707), Primary Source: A German Immigrant Writes to Home, Primary Source: Of the Inlets and Havens of This Country, The Life and Death of Blackbeard the Pirate, Primary Source: John Lawson's Assessment of the Tuscarora, Primary Source: The Tuscarora Ask Pennsylvania for Aid, Primary Source: A Letter from Major Christopher Gale, November 2, 1711, Primary Source: Christoph von Graffenried's Account of the Tuscarora War, The Fate of North Carolina's Native Peoples, Carolina Becomes North and South Carolina, Primary Source: Leo Africanus Describes Timbuktu, Primary Source: Olaudah Equiano Remembers West Africa, Primary Source: Venture Smith Describes His Enslavement, Primary Source: Falconbridge's Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa, African and African American Storytelling, Expanding to the West: Settlement of the Piedmont Region, 1730 to 1775, The Moravians: From Europe to North America, Primary Source: Summary of a Report Sent to Bethlehem, From Caledonia to Carolina: The Highland Scots, Primary Source: William Byrd on the People and Environment of North Carolina, Primary Source: Janet Schaw on American Agriculture, Primary Source: Jesse Cook's Orphan Apprenticeship, Benjamin Wadsworth on Children's Duties to Their Parents, Primary Source: Nathan Cole and the First Great Awakening, Material Culture: Exploring Wills and Inventories, Primary Source: Probate Inventory of Valentine Bird, 1680, Primary Source: Will of Susanna Robisson, 1709, Primary Source: Probate Inventory of Darby O'Brian, 1725, Primary Source: Will of Samuel Nicholson, 1727, Primary Source: Will of William Cartright, Sr., 1733, Primary Source: Probate Inventory of James and Anne Pollard, Tyrrell County, 1750, Primary Source: Will of Richard Blackledge, Craven County, 1776, Primary Source: Probate Inventory of Richard Blackledge, Craven County, 1777, Fort Dobbs and the French and Indian War in North Carolina, Primary Source: George Sims' An Address to the People of Granville County, Primary Source: Herman Husband and "Some grievous oppressions", Primary Source: Edmund Fanning Reports to Governor Tryon, Primary Source: Orange County Inhabitants Petition Governor Tryon, Primary Source: Chaos in Hillsborough 1770, Primary Source: An Act for Preventing Tumultuous and Riotous Assemblies, Primary Source: An Authentick Relation of the Battle of Alamance, Primary Source: Aftermath of the Battle of Alamance, Beginnings of the American Revolution: Resistance and Revolution, Primary Source: A Pledge to Violate the Stamp Act, Primary Source: The First Provincial Congress, Political Cartoon: A Society of Patriotic Ladies, Primary Source: Backcountry Residents Proclaim Their Loyalty, Primary Sourc: Loyalist Perspective on the Violence in Wilmington.

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