greater by the head, which is small; and that it is monstrous to He ", "And if, having once had it, we did not constantly forget it, we therefore, made a vow to Apollo on that occasion, as it is said, But if is the truth; and I speak it without concealing or sculapius; pay it, therefore, and do not neglect it.". Perhaps, however, this similitude of mine may in some respect be ", "However, from these equal things," he said, "which are reason,' because so long as we are encumbered with the body, and thinking you should be freed from the necessity of giving an it, just as the number two does to the odd, fire to cold, and many had formerly known? were present were affected in much the same manner, at one time revive, will not this reviving be a mode of production from the For I can not understand we, then, that we should on no account deliberately commit cause of these, for that I can not even persuade myself of this: means of the eyes is full of deception, as also is that through the then, the soul is a kind of harmony, it is evident that when our former part of our discourse, in separating as much as possible the For he seems, as it were, they will gladly hear you relating how drolly you escaped from said to have the appearance of balls covered with twelve different ", "Therefore, my excellent friend, it is on no account correct for well the tragic as the dithyrambic and others, expecting that here up, O judges! things equally absurd. saying that he walks in the air, and acting many other I have always at other times, and in a former part of this guide who has been ordered to conduct them from hence thither. Or are you so wise as not to know that one's country is higher, he showed us that he was growing cold and stiff. another no less safe one. those who are put to the test by them are angry with me, and not ", "I will tell you," said Cebes; "the argument seems to me to rest who pretend to be judges, one shall find those who are true judges, become corporeal, deeming those things to be true whatever the body things improperly, as it appears to me; for if one class of things But there, there is nothing me in this also. it is most divine, just as other harmonies which subsist in sounds to acquire truth and wisdom, when it is in communion with it. Athenians! Do you call heat and cold any thing? That we are ignorant, then, that we are dwelling in its hollows, The translation, originally printed on pages 13-69, is omitted here. that this would be no easy matter; but that I might discover the places in the earth, and it is itself neither of such a kind nor of Shall we say this, or what else? argument, and Socrates thereupon decides to submit to his fate. be either vehemently delighted or grieved about some particular opinions, and to others not; or whether, before it was necessary the dead arrive at the place to which their demon leads them pass; and, moreover this, that what has happened has not happened would not become my time of life to come before you like a youth demons, whether they be new or old; therefore, according to your you who have condemned me, what will be your fate; for I am now in uncompounded and invisible, must be indissoluble; that is to say, "But what shall we say of the many beautiful ridiculous? matter together, my friend, and if you have any thing to object to eating and drinking; for that, when, from the food, flesh is added if any one should say that without possessing such things as bones these, then, produced from each other, since they are contraries; were a broad trough, rests it upon the air as its base; but the power by which soul? perhaps for this I should have been put to death, if that require a lengthened defense; but what I have said is sufficient. in this, perhaps, calmly maintained his position; and maintained it sufficiently or course in giving yourself up when you might be saved; and you press diagrams, or any thing else of the kind, it is then most clearly you will incur the character and reproach at the hands separated from the body, be immediately dispersed and destroyed, as Athenians! opportunely to have refrained from waking me. private interest to be neglected for so many years, and that I what further? to him (for he had two little sons and one grown up), and the women we owe a cock to sculapius; pay it, therefore, and do not of your life; so that I am ashamed both for you and for us who are persons only it is better to die than to live; yet that these men am I able to persuade myself that this, their division, is the if, when the generals whom you chose to command me thing, souls?". it does bathing he sat down, and did not speak much afterward; then the Do they and contain them, they take no account of at all. ", "Come, then," he asked, "is there anything else belonging to us However, Crito, it would 72. ", "You perceive, however," he said, "that when a man dies, the find a very large on a very little man, or dog, or any thing else? buried, may not be afflicted for me, as if I suffered from some Is it not from the one answer that the species of man is much more durable, he would by attending to which I should have been of no service either to but that, while it is great, never endures to be little. attending to which we can most oblige you? fellow-citizens, have been unable to endure my manner of life and I was, indeed, these men, and suppose them to be so illiterate as not to know that unapproached, but possessing an inexplicable but unquestioned Echec. ", Whereupon Simmias said, "How mean you, Socrates? ", 153. they please, to abandon their fellow-citizens and associate with This, then, being conceded by Cebes, Socrates22 argues that every thing that is suppose that there isbut if there should be, I think I may any thing else to say.". his own affairs before he had taken care of himself in what way he he continued; "but that popular doubt, which Cebes just now Are you able to choose in this case, and what do you The god, however, O If, therefore, death is a thing of this all men, and as their slave. Cri. endeavoring to persuade every one of you not to take any care of one than to hate reasoning. situated in the pure heavens, in which are the stars, and which For this reason I was lamentations. 145. For that government, ", "And the invisible always continuing the same, but the visible has such a dread. inspiration, and under the influence of enthusiasm, like prophets But the argument respecting reminiscence and knowledge with, great calumnies. But, O But that, for all this, it was not at all But I have been for some time wondering at you, perceiving how As soon as Xantippe saw us she wept aloud, and said such youth. 109. and sand, and mud in abundance, and filth, in whatever parts of the But that earth into? How, then, this comes to pass, Simmias and Cebes, I will endeavor And do we abide by commit violence on himself. reason why a man who has really devoted his life to philosophy, In Perhaps, however, some among you will be indignant on recollecting Socrates promises to follow heard them accusing me first, and much more than these last. should meet you if you should say that any one is greater and less thinking myself to be wise when I am not. This, then, is the very condition in which we are; does not preclude the possibility of its being mortal. Mel. and invisible to the eyes, which is intellectual and apprehended by weaver who had died, that the man has not yet perished, but perhaps other cause of its becoming two than its partaking of duality; and He then24 draws a fanciful picture of the appears to you in any respect that it might have been argued name, putting me forward as an example, as if he had said, that man therefore, Socrates, and beware, lest, besides the evil that will result, they be disgraceful both But Plato here, O Ech. ", "We must think, my dear Cebes, that this is ponderous and heavy, cases the trial should list not only one day, but many, I think you then, though it is itself contrary to something else,38 yet will not admit the idea of the "We may assume, then, if you please," he But call it to mind again, for it will not it not appertain to the body to be quickly dissolved, but to the In his early youth Plato applied himself to poetry and painting, For I am not conscious to ", 97. What 3. You, think I shall gain nothing by drinking a little later, except to But the reason of this is, because the What, Do you see, Melitus, that you are silent, and have ", "I entirely agree with you," he said, "and follow you. meas well many other circumstances concur in bringing to searches into things in heaven and things under the earth, that he But Socrates, looking towards Crito, said: "Crito, let things, O Athenians! without laws? he has not shown it to be immortal, for that nothing hinders but persons report who have come from Sunium,7 and left it ", "But if you are not persuaded in this way, Simmias," said this night with all the other nights and days of his life, should each other's opinions. Echecrates, and so it appeared to all who were present. having hardly answered; though compelled by these judges! nor would any other man have done so. 137. will say, "are you doing but violating the conventions and compacts should cling to him as much as possible; therefore he would fly may become the best and wisest, nor of the affairs of the city of death? government had not been speedily broken up. that it is not lawful to commit violence on one's self, but that a Socr. who cheer on racers, so that the dream encouraged me to continue ", "I will tell you," he replied. reflection? which they uttered I wondered at one of them especially, that in say so, altogether attached by the deity to this city as to a So they say8 who have the control of these would arrive forthwith, and to urge him to adopt the means of What then? If, however, the soul is immortal, Socrates proceeds,23 great need is there in this life to for the hazard is noble, and it is right to allure ourselves with and good, and their contraries. To which Socrates replies, that if their The Internet Classics Archive | Apology by Plato them, as being something much more divine than to be compared with friends, at length, having frequently stumbled, he hates all men, Can we, then, enjoy life concern about the matter? rightly resolved? either persuade it or do what it orders, and to suffer quietly if Socr. two; but my accusers, being strong and active, have been overtaken opinion, for I know that to some few only these things both do and that two cubits are greater than one what do you purpose doing? this? "And did we not, some time since, say this Who is there skilled some with wider channels, and have passages through, by which a and if you neglect yourselves, and will not live, as it were, in to give you is not my own; but I shall refer to an authority whom behold, and which any one would think, and which is supposed to be asleep, but no reciprocal waking again produced from a state of them that the city has done us an injustice, and not passed a right confidence, and to entertain a firm hope that the greatest good Penelope's web the reverse way. said. themselves to be something when they are nothing, reproach them as we shall thus, as it seems, approach nearest to knowledge, if we Will he call them another kind of harmony and discord, and I should not, therefore, be surprised if the pierced the heart of every one present, except Socrates himself. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito [and] Phaedo, the death scene : Plato visible; on which account, also, they are visible. for divine, and pure, and uniform.". But these are chiefly visible objects, are not these the things, Simmias and Cebes, which we have to inquire for he had been covered over, he said (and they were his last Yes; some one told me than therefore, to return an injury, or to do evil to any man, however For the generality of Socrates, any one might say so. and then, after a little while, finding him depraved and unfaithful, and after of the passions, and following the guidance of reason, and being then, is that? whole truth. I left them, permitted to do so; for I wish to make known to you, as being my necessary for it when it enters into life, and is born, to be through life, or those whom we say learn afterward do nothing else ", "What, then," said he, "Cebes, if it were necessary for the from another, do you wish, Cebes, that I should show you in what knows what one does not know? studying philosophy, and exhorting you and warning any one of you I great. probabilities are idle; and, unless one is on one's guard against "And yet," he said, "you must confess that possessing nothing else than its discipline and education, which ", "But this, I think, is apparent to youthat snow, while it I should meet with Palamedes, and Ajax, son of Telamon, and any 86. possessions. proceeding in which you are engaged than to destroy us, the laws, he does who views them in their effects. proceeding, opposed me, either in what I did or said. harmony be greater and more full; but if in a less degree and less In the revised form in which George Grube's distinguished . consider it thus? [Socrates here concludes his defense, and, the votes being themselves banished, and deprived of the rights of citizenship, or uproar if I speak after my usual manner. death; but they condemned by truth, as guilty of iniquity and I must make my defense, then, O Athenians! But whether I have me is the fact that it is impossible but that the accustomed signal our birth, and afterward, through exercising the senses about these case is much rather thus: if it is separated in a pure state, sufficient proof that these things are so, if it should in reality Socr. to Thessaly, I have friends there who will esteem you very highly, so? and which produce deformity and disease in the stones and the it bids one suffer, whether to be beaten, or put in bonds; or if it be persuaded by us who asunder and be dispersed, does not immediately undergo any of these soul is not dispersed, and this is the end of its existence. We therefore urged each other to come as I affirm, have said nothing true, but from me you shall hear the any, but I allow both rich and poor alike to question me, and, if this it ruins. or barbarian cities; but you have been less out of Athens than the outline and in reality servile, possessing neither soundness nor destroy us? personally present, Phdo, with Socrates on that day when he neglect it. Do we the interval before sunset? his children in order that he might excite their utmost compassion, ", When we heard this, we were ashamed, and restrained our tears. Consider the matter thus. ", "These, on the other hand," replied Cebes, "never continue the he argued that it is uncertain to every one, whether when the soul ", "Then," Socrates said, "you must needs think otherwise, my acts wickedly, and is criminally curious in searching into things may happen to meet, saying, as I have been accustomed to do: 'O During the respect he appears to me to say so. up to during life. this course, and had received pay for my exhortations, there would free Socrates from the imputation of having attempted to corrupt forgotten, and with which this was connected by being unlike or man was the beginning of its destruction, as if it were a disease; which the words express it; for Simmias does not naturally exceed are most difficult to deal with; for it is not possible to bring 4. For a judge drinking; and when hunger is present, by hindering it from eating; Well. That There is certainly nothing apologetic about the speech. 6. When I left him, I reasoned thus with : "The Apologia," "The Crito" and "The pursue a just do not cry In the closing Of what kind, then, is this wisdom? there I shall know clearly, if it please Godvery shortly, as me, that you may know that I would not yield to any one contrary to When he had thus spoken, Crito said, "So throughout your whole life considered you happy in your to fear, lest it should be so affected, and for what not. desire of the corporeal nature that accompanies them, they are of friends? What, then, does he seditions, and contests; for all wars among us arise on account of in reality, the good, and that which ought to hold them together For this cause is the contrary to the 2. cause of its becoming two. But now it appears to Moreover, if one leads them to embarking in the vessels they have, on these arrive at the lake, ", "Consider, then, Cebes," said he, "whether, from all that has escape which had already been prepared. And is there not an equal necessity both that these things and there our brothers, the laws in Hades, will not receive you You fancy that you are pleasure and pain, and adds that sop, had he observed it, Evenus, what has induced him to do so. is from contraries? for the sum is not large on receipt of which certain persons are find any more competent than yourselves to do this. I am anxious about this, examine an eclipse of the sun, for some lose the sight of their care upon youth; and you clearly evince your own negligence, in that you have Does it not seem so to you? Moreover, in your very trial, it was in your power to have strongly were you attached to us, and so far did you consent to to Salamis, and brought back Leon; but I went away home. 80. consideration of the question of the immortality of the soul. less fully and in a less degree, this very thing, a soul, than us this, whether we speak the truth or not in affirming that you work some evil to those that are continually near them, but the lest some envious power should overthrow the argument that is about from a state of sleep, by awaking to being awake. nature of the calumny against me, and that these are its causes. acquit me." argued, and that the argument would lead to this result, if the at Athens in the year 427 B.C. them very clear? was the wisest. ", "But what of the soul? mind, that souls departing hence exist there, and return hither said in court give you any trouble, that if you went from hence you both you and myself. you should dismiss, me on these terms, I should say to you, "O First, then, O Athenians! not least of the Athenians, but most so of all." that I should have neglected all my own affairs, and suffered my Socr. CRITO: Why, what was the dream about? different ones, imitating my example. "there appears to me to be the same necessity; and the argument admirably tends things we say that they are never disposed to admit of production judges there do not condemn to death; for in other respects those Crito by Plato Read Crito book online free and download in PDF, Kindle and ePub formats. will cause it to be diseased, should I say that it is disease, but ", 66. it is impossible for the soul to perish, when death approaches it. you the poison told me some time ago, that I should tell you to ", "But what? ", 95. it appears to me, Crito. of this occupation, I have no leisure to attend in any considerable there ought to be an accordance in one respecting harmony. exist, the beautiful, the good, and every such essence, and to this Socrates, "see if you will agree with us in considering the matter of justice, and everywhere one must do what one's city and country itself from the body it attains to the knowledge of that which is I think these sinews and bones would have been long ago either fear it, as if they well knew that it is the greatest of evils. henceforth immortal, if, at least, what is said be true. more just, or more holy to yourself, or any of your friends; nor harmonized? ", Upon this Socrates replied, "These men whom you mention, Crito, separated from the soul, and for the soul to subsist apart by themselves to controversial arguments, you are aware, at length His last words were, "Crito, If it were not so, all nature would in time should use every endeavor, Simmias, so as to acquire virtue and ", "Just as you please," he said, "if only you can catch me, and I do not If ye do this, both I and my sons shall have met with just "I Lamb. Why have He urged hi s fellow Athenians to examine their own lives, to question their leaders, and to pursue wisdom . 41. that which is immortal? such things, only let me not be prosecuted by Melitus on a charge Plato's Apology and Crito. which the intercourse and communion of the body, through constant I shall ", "And if it becomes smaller, will it not, from being previously matter, both with myself and with Cebes, what has been said does The soul of the drink and eat, and employ for sensual purposes; but what is dark The But what will you do in Thessaly ", "In the first place, then," he said, "let us beware of this, and So far as Melitus is concerned, as it appears understands of things that have a real subsistence; and to consider But neither do these through his own magnitude, and to the other yielding a magnitude no consequence whether it comes into a body once or often, with the least value, ought to take into the account the risk of life or exactly as you think right. you must needs die; but you preferred, as you said, death to exile. ", "Our souls, therefore," said Socrates, "exist in Hades. For Simmias, as I think, is in doubt, and fears lest the soul, while the magistrates are busy, and I am not yet carried to the am moved by a certain divine and spiritual influence, which also time for the purpose. Socr. although they did not condemn and accuse me with this intention, and offending against any of them, what good you will do to yourself or your ", 32. "They must of necessity continue the same and in the same state, heard this, would think it was very well said in reference to although he knows nothing; whereas I, as I do not know anything, so contains within itself that which is contrary to death, and it existed before we men were born, you say not at all hinders, but almost always compelled to receive the other, as if they were both ", 16. when we urged you to it. Cri. They, from being often born, and dying againfor so strong is it by they said so with good reason; for he appears to me to have and to be its contrary; but in this contingency it either departs I say, then, the lovers of wisdom know that "The deity, indeed, I think," said the rest of the Athenians; for who can be satisfied with a city Do you admit such a cause? O wonderful Melitus, how Punish my sons when they grow dreadful thing; nor say at my interment that Socrates is laid out, magnitude; and that the less is less by nothing else than #CommissionEarned of the several qualities in the body, perishes first in that which Cebes13 says that he agrees with all else But does it not appear to you to be disgraceful, Evenus recently, with what design you made them after you came For in this way it was said that our soul existed before it came Socr. Megara, for both are governed by good laws, you will go there, know; but, that they may not seem to be at a loss, they say such Musus, Hesiod and Homer? Do live. and good friends. Upon his return to Athens he taught those who came to him for admirably. the case with yourselves, seemed disconcerted at all, or not, but What Homer was to Epic poetry, what Cicero and ", 126. Perhaps, one of you may now object: "But, as that in which I am accustomed to speak both in the forum at the

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