What does it mean to leave no one behind? Leaving No One Behind: Can Tax-Funded Transfer Programs Provide Income Floors in Sub-Saharan Africa? In 2016, an estimated 58 out of the 92 countries surveyed had over 75% coverage of drinking water in schools (Figure 23). People-centred policies to provide water and sanitation services, and sound and sustainable management of water resources and of our ecosystems as a whole, are therefore integral to sustainable development and to the full enjoyment of the human rights to water and sanitation, as well as a wide range of other human rights, including the rights to life, health and food. 2. Bleedin' me dry like a goddamn vampire. Nearly 80% of the extreme poor lived in rural areas. Hygiene Coverage of basic handwashing facilities with soap and water varied (on a regional average) from 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa to 76% in Western Asia and Northern Africa (Figure 12). Subsidies that promote greater community participation empower vulnerable groups to allocate resources toward their own priorities. Over the period 19952015, floods accounted for 43% of all documented natural disasters, affecting 2.3 billion people, killing 157,000 more and causing US$662 billion in damage. The adult and youth literacy rates are estimated to have grown by only 4% each over the 20002015 period. However, despite the rapid rise in the number of people online, there are still significant differences between the richest countries and the rest of the world (Figure 27). Prologue 21 12). The 2019 edition looks at different dimensions of inequality linked to food and nutrition, disasters and migration, drawing on data and information from the UN family and others. Without safe, accessible water and sanitation, these people are likely to face multiple challenges, including poor health and living conditions, malnutrition, and lack of opportunities for education and employment. It is also clear that women are likely to fare less well than men in nearly all economic indicators, including extreme poverty, land tenure and labour force participation. The WASH-related challenges faced by refugees and IDPs require special focused political responsiveness. Differences in property, tenure, residence, and economic and social status can lead to discrimination as well. The principle of leaving no one behind is strongly emerging as a defining aspect of the new development framework under negotiation in 2015. The reverse situation may also occur, where refugees receive higher-quality WASH services than what is available for nearby communities. 0 59 1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 5559 6064 6569 7074 04 Age (years) Prologue 25 Scientific research, development and innovation are essential to support informed decision-making. To some extent, the issues share both root causes and similar challenges. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. The global labour force participation of the worlds working-age population has been on a downward trend since 1990, and this trend is projected to continue until at least 2030, driven mainly by a steady decline in Asia and the Pacific. The Pacific Institutes chronological list Water Conflict Chronology (Pacific Institute, n.d.) defines three such categories: Trigger: Water as a trigger or root cause of conflict, where there is a dispute over the control of water or water systems or where economic or physical access to water, or scarcity of water, triggers violence. water availability) and water availability) and increasing water-related health risks (not to mention their overall quality of life). Although primarily targeted at national-level decision-makers and water resources managers, as well as academics and the broader development community, we hope this report will also be well received by those interested in poverty alleviation, humanitarian crises, human rights and the 2030 Agenda. Weapon: Water as a weapon of conflict, where water resources, or water systems themselves, are used as a tool or weapon in a violent conflict. PDF. in rural, rather than Poverty is by no means limited to developing countries. For example, the country-wide low water stress in several countries/regions in Figure 3, such as Australia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa, should not be misinterpreted, as water stress at the basin or local level can be very significant. Who are being left behind? Five factors are proposed as key to understanding who is being left behind and why: discrimination; place of residence; socio-economic status; governance; and vulnerability to shocks. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. It builds on the CEB-endorsed Equality and Non-Discrimination at the Heart of Sustainable Development: a Shared UN Framework for Action, UNSDG programming principles including the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development, and UNSDG guidance and tools to support SDG achievement (eg. For the most part, however, dry areas will tend to become drier and wet areas wetter (Figure 4), such that climate change will likely exacerbate water stress in areas that are already the most affected. The human rights to water and sanitation and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Safe drinking water and sanitation are recognized as basic human rights, as they are indispensable to sustaining healthy livelihoods and fundamental in maintaining the dignity of all human beings. Societies that work for everyone. In 2013 (the most recent estimates available), 767 million people (more than 10% of the global population) were living below the international extreme poverty line of US$1.90 per day (2011 PPP)8, and 2.1 billion people (about 30% of the global population) were living on less than US$3.10 a day (2011 PPP). It starts with a brief assessment of what the Millennium Development Goals have delivered for women and girls by way of comparison. About 10% of the population still drank untreated surface water, and many poor people in rural areas, particularly women and girls, spent a considerable amount of time collecting water. The UNSDG guides, supports, tracks and oversees the coordination of development operations in 162 countries and territories. 1 CHAPTER ONE Getting Specific to Leave No One Behind on Sustainable Development Homi Kharas, John W. McArthur, and Izumi Ohno A Compelling Vision A world free of extreme poverty.. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2019 LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND International human rights law obliges states to work towards achieving universal access to water and sanitation for all, without discrimination, while prioritizing those most in need. Water treatment relates to the processes used to purify, disinfect and protect water against recontamination. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. If, to meet affordability and equity objectives, subsidies are to be delivered through water tariffs, then vouchers or cash distribution might be better than an increasing block tariff (IBT). All actors involved in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation on a non-discriminatory and equal basis hold specific obligations and responsibilities. Energy Water and energy are closely linked. [PDF] 'Leave no one behind' and the challenge of intersectionality Development Resilient nations. Life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 20102015 to 77 years in 20452050, with women living on average four years longer than men. Download Leaving no one behind PDF for free. Non-state actors also have human rights responsibilities and may be held accountable for the infringement of human rights. 7079% 8089% Agriculture is the largest employer of the youth labour force, particularly in rural 90100% areas in low- and middle-income countries (Yeboah, 2018). The provision of urban sanitation infrastructure lags far behind infrastructure for water provision in most urban settings, and the poorest residents of slum areas are the most affected. Chinese, Arabic and Portuguese editions of the Executive Summary are made possible thanks to the valuable collaboration between China Water and Power Press and UNESCO Office in Beijing, Qatar National Commission for UNESCO and UNESCO Office in Doha and the National Water Agency, the Brazilian Cooperation Agency and the UNESCO Office in Brazil, respectively. However, people in rural areas, who account for the vast majority of the extreme poor (see Chapter 7), must also not be left behind in terms of development policy. Who is being left behind and why: five key factors Page 9 1. (2018, fig. With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, UN Member States pledged to ensure no one will be left behind and to endeavour to reach the furthest behind first. And we will endeavour to reach the furthest behind first. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UNGA, 2015a, para. When governments role is geared towards policy setting and regulation, the actual provision of services is carried out by non-state actors or independent departments. The human rights-based approach (HRBA) provides a critical perspective to examine specific groups that are lagging or are being left behind due to discrimination or an unequal access to resources and opportunities to participate in decision-making processes. PDF What does it mean to leave no one behind - United Nations Development Africa and Asia account for nearly all current population growth, although Africa is expected to be the main contributor beyond 2050 (Figure 15) (UNDESA, 2017a). During the period 20002009, there were 94 registered conflicts where water played a role (49 as a Trigger, 20 as a Weapon and 34 as a Casualty3). Todays generation of UN teams on the ground, a key investment for a sustainable future, The UN Reform in Action: Working together to support Bangladesh, Lao PDR and Nepals LDC graduation, Fighting the Current: helping Pakistan recover and prepare for future climate disasters, Strengthening Resident Coordinator Leadership. There has been progress during the implementation phase of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Figure 15 Population by region: Estimates (19502015), and medium-variant projection (20152100) Estimates (19502015) Projections (20152100) Africa Total population (billion) 5 Europe 4 Northern America 3 Asia 2 Latin America and the Caribbean Oceania Source: UNDESA (2017a, fig. Licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). The UNSDG has a strengthened coordination system that works at a country, regional and global level. Yet no official UN definition of policy advice exists and little, Wiadomoci Statystyczne. Figure 5 The geography of droughts and floods Drought occurrences 19962015 Droughts occur on all continents, but predominantly in the southern hemisphere. Figure 25 Adult and youth literacy rates by country, 2016 Adult (more than 15 years old) literacy rate <50% 5059% 6069% 7079% 8089% 90100% No data Youth (1524 years old) On average, women make up about 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing literacy rate countries. 10 openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/29426. For countries where high levels of absolute deprivations persist, an appropriate emphasis is likely to be ensuring that people living below the poverty line in income terms or other dimensions of wellbeing can attain minimum living standards. Given ever rising levels of local water stress (see Prologue, Section 1ii), combined with the fact that there are 286 international rivers and 592 transboundary aquifers shared by 153 countries (UN, 2018a), it could be expected that water-related conflicts have been increasing and/or are likely to increase in the future. DFID's Value for Money framework should be structured to enable investment in the foundations of development and targeted at the most marginalised groups. It provides insights and guidance in helping identify who is being left behind, and describes how existing frameworks and mandates, such as the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs and human rights-based approaches, can help reach the furthest first, through improved water management.

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