Agriculture Definition Agriculture definition: Agriculture is farming and the methods that are used to raise and look after crops and | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Paragraph 4, in: Summary and Recommendations, in: Conversion note: 1 bushel of wheat=60pounds (lb) 27.215kg. Migration, agriculture and rural development, FAO, FAO. [45] By the late 2nd century, heavy ploughs had been developed with iron ploughshares and mouldboards. [242] Since at least the 1960s, a combination of trade restrictions, exchange rate policies and subsidies have affected farmers in both the developing and the developed world. Agriculture It may also be broadly decomposed into plant agriculture, which concerns the cultivation of useful plants,[12] and animal agriculture, the production of agricultural animals. Agriculture definition [2], The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (such as rubber). [10] Agriculture is defined with varying scopes, in its broadest sense using natural resources to "produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services". AGRICULTURAL [152] Crop nutrient use may also be managed using cultural techniques such as crop rotation or a fallow period. Sheep and goats were kept mainly for dairy products. Ploughs appear in pictographs around 3,000 BC; seed-ploughs around 2,300 BC. 2. : engaged in or concerned with farming or agriculture. [119][120][121][122] In the United States of America, more than half of all hired farmworkers (roughly 450,000 workers) were immigrants in 2019, although the number of new immigrants arriving in the country to work in agriculture has fallen by 75 percent in recent years and rising wages indicate this has led to a major labor shortage on U.S. [188], Agriculture is both a cause of and sensitive to environmental degradation, such as biodiversity loss, desertification, soil degradation and climate change, which cause decreases in crop yield. Agricultural definition and meaning | Collins English [209] The World Health Organization estimated in 1992 that three million pesticide poisonings occur annually, causing 220,000 deaths. By comparison, all transportation emits 13.5% of the CO2. Measures might include paying for reforestation upstream of a city, to improve the supply of fresh water. Agriculture has often been conceptualized narrowly, in terms of specific combinations of activities and organismswet-rice production in Asia, wheat farming in Europe, cattle ranching in the Americas, and the likebut a more holistic perspective holds that humans are environmental engineers who disrupt terrestrial habitats in specific ways. She's studying [116] The service sector overtook the agricultural sector as the largest global employer in 2007. What is bioengineering? | McKinsey Furthermore, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) states that "methane emissions from global livestock are projected to increase by 60 per cent by 2030 under current practices and consumption patterns. [163] With digital automation technologies, it also becomes possible to automate diagnosis and decision-making of agricultural operations. Webadjective Definition of agricultural as in agrarian engaged in or concerned with agriculture he grew up in an agricultural community and farming was still in his blood Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance agrarian farming agronomic rural arable monocultural aquacultural pastoral bucolic country garden pastoralist georgic rustical arboricultural Agriculture Direct consumption includes the use of lubricants and fuels to operate farm vehicles and machinery. [103] Economists measure the total factor productivity of agriculture, according to which agriculture in the United States is roughly 1.7 times more productive than it was in 1948. [251] In agricultural entomology, the USDA began to research biological control in 1881; it instituted its first large program in 1905, searching Europe and Japan for natural enemies of the gypsy moth and brown-tail moth, establishing parasitoids (such as solitary wasps) and predators of both pests in the US. Today, small farms produce about a third of the world's food, but large farms are prevalent. Food is the most basic human need. She's studying At the start of the 21st century, some one billion people, or over 1/3 of the available work force, were employed in agriculture. 2021. [108] As countries develop, other jobs have historically pulled workers away from agriculture, and labour-saving innovations increase agricultural productivity by reducing labour requirements per unit of output. an agricultural society. Samuel Jutzi, director of FAO's animal production and health division, states that lobbying by large corporations has stopped reforms that would improve human health and the environment. [212][213] However, critics argue that a trade-off between the environment and a need for food is not inevitable,[214] and that pesticides can replace good agronomic practices such as crop rotation. This article incorporates text from a free content work. [38][39][40] Cotton was cultivated by the 5th4th millennium BC. Agricultural Definition Nglish: Translation of agricultural for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of agricultural for Arabic Speakers. Crop breeding includes techniques such as plant selection with desirable traits, self-pollination and cross-pollination, and molecular techniques that genetically modify the organism. Manure is used either by holding livestock where the feed crop is growing, such as in managed intensive rotational grazing, or by spreading either dry or liquid formulations of manure on cropland or pastures. See also agricultural technology. 1 bushel of maize=56pounds 25.401kg, "Strategies for Pest Control", pp. agricultural machinery. [208], Pesticide use has increased since 1950 to 2.5million short tons annually worldwide, yet crop loss from pests has remained relatively constant. [232] Together, direct and indirect consumption by US farms accounts for about 2% of the nation's energy use. rich agricultural land. ), Sato, Y. Because of the low biodiversity, nutrient use is uniform and pests tend to build up, necessitating the greater use of pesticides and fertilizers. [55] The Aztecs developed irrigation systems, formed terraced hillsides, fertilized their soil, and developed chinampas or artificial islands. [168] This is especially true when it happens in context of rising scarcity of rural labour, as is the case in high-income countries and many middle-income countries. Webnoun [ U ] COMMERCE uk / rklt r/ us. Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 7,000 years ago. [206] Increasing pressure is being placed on water resources by industry and urban areas, meaning that water scarcity is increasing and agriculture is facing the challenge of producing more food for the world's growing population with reduced water resources. On industrialized farms, injuries frequently involve the use of agricultural machinery, and a common cause of fatal agricultural injuries in developed countries is tractor rollovers. [31][78], In the Middle Ages, compared to the Roman period, agriculture in Western Europe became more focused on self-sufficiency. 472515 in, "Land Preparation and Farm Energy", pp. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. These disposal practices lead to soil degradation and can result in contamination of soils and leakage of microplastics into the marine environment as a result of precipitation run-off and tidal washing. MLA Rowley-Conwy, Peter, and Robert Layton. In nomadic pastoralism, herds of livestock are moved from place to place in search of pasture, fodder, and water. Is Agriculture, Definition of Agriculture 187218 in, Hoffmann, U., Section B: Agriculture a key driver and a major victim of global warming, in: Lead Article, in: Chapter 1, in. When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. [35][36] In India, wheat, barley and jujube were domesticated by 9,000 BC, soon followed by sheep and goats. primitive genetic engineering) during the 1950s produced the modern commercial varieties of grains such as wheat, corn (maize) and barley. 240282 in, "Nutrition from the Soil", pp. To save this word, you'll need to log in. This is related to the greater efficiency of farming, combined with the increased level of value addition (e.g. Agriculture In the 1980s, non-subsidized farmers in developing countries experienced adverse effects from national policies that created artificially low global prices for farm products. [221] Inequities that result when such measures are adopted would need to be addressed, such as the reallocation of water from poor to rich, the clearing of land to make way for more productive farmland, or the preservation of a wetland system that limits fishing rights. Is Agriculture, Definition of Agriculture (license statement/permission). Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems, FAO, FAO. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. For other glossaries relevant to agricultural science, see Glossary of biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science, and Glossary of botanical terms . [225][226] Current mono-crop farming practices in the United States preclude widespread adoption of sustainable practices, such as 23 crop rotations that incorporate grass or hay with annual crops, unless negative emission goals such as soil carbon sequestration become policy. Contents: A [158], Payment for ecosystem services is a method of providing additional incentives to encourage farmers to conserve some aspects of the environment. These crops resist damage by insects. In other areas such as the Great Plains in the U.S. and Canada, farmers use a fallow year to conserve soil moisture for the following year. [Middle English, from Latin agrcultra : agr, genitive of ager, field; see agro- in Indo-European roots + cultra, cultivation; see culture .] [1] Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. Cotton, wool, and leather are all agricultural products. Crop [128] Ages 06 May be an especially vulnerable population in agriculture;[129] common causes of fatal injuries among young farm workers include drowning, machinery and motor accidents, including with all-terrain vehicles. [155] For example, the application of digital automation technologies (e.g. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! [172] Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor. They include the technologies of soil cultivation, crop cultivation and harvesting, animal production, and the processing of plant and animal products for human consumption and use. In the European Union, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has issued guidelines on implementing health and safety directives in agriculture, livestock farming, horticulture, and forestry. Studies of the transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies indicate an initial period of intensification and increasing sedentism; examples are the Natufian culture in the Levant, and the Early Chinese Neolithic in China. [72][73], Indigenous Australians, long supposed to have been nomadic hunter-gatherers, practised systematic burning, possibly to enhance natural productivity in fire-stick farming. In some cases, wild species are the primary source of resistance traits; some tomato cultivars that have gained resistance to at least 19 diseases did so through crossing with wild populations of tomatoes. ture a-gri-kl-chr. Agriculture l / Add to word list used for farming or relating to farming: The world's supply of agricultural land is shrinking fast. AGRICULTURAL definition Bill Cassidy, R-La., Ranking member of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, which noted comments by a regional, Grape production in the Finger Lakes gets most of the attention, but the region is a major, An undulating meadow of strings runs below a map of global, But without more research and standards, observers worry that investments in climate-smart, Post the Definition of agriculture to Facebook, Share the Definition of agriculture on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. [160] Alternatively it is defined as the accomplishment of production tasks through mobile, autonomous, decision-making, mechatronic devices. the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming. Pesticides kill insects, plants and fungi. Farmers grew wheat, barley, vegetables such as lentils and onions, and fruits including dates, grapes, and figs. [194] Both studies, which focused solely on the fiscal impacts, concluded that more should be done to internalize external costs. [126] Pesticides and other chemicals used in farming can be hazardous to worker health, and workers exposed to pesticides may experience illness or have children with birth defects.

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