Recently, a work by Lu et al. Question: Why is raw cow dung not used in a crop field? Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on June 06, 2017: Thanks for the comment, ishara. Andrew Spacey from Sheffield, UK on September 17, 2014: Reminds me of an old John Cleese jokeWhat's brown and sounds like a bell? Faith Reaper from southern USA on August 02, 2014: No wonder the pastures across from my home are so verdant and plush, and really beautiful as they are rolling hills instead of flat. 2010; Swain et al. Abstract Traditionally, cow urine has been used in medicines in developing and less-developing countries. Cow dung, an excreta of bovine animal, is a cheap and easily available bioresource on our planet. 2006; Kuhad et al. Yes, wearing gloves is a good idea when dealing with cow dung! This review focuses on recent findings being made on cow dung that could be harnessed for usage in different areas such as medicine, agriculture and industry. 1988), animal feed additives (Annison 1992) and in bread making (Maat et al. By Dilip Chandra Jul 7, 2022 3:59 . Those who grew up on American farms have their own experiences with cow patties and will probably read of this with a good measure of curiosity. The study noted a marked increase in potato yield after using fertilizer mixed with animal manure. Bacteriological Evaluation of Cow Dung used in Organic Agriculture and Lett Appl Microbiol 27:178182, Lee J, Kim J, Hyeon T (2006) Recent progress in the synthesis of porous carbon materials. The device that digests the material is referred to as a biogas digester. Cite this article. Thanks for the visit. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 131:303309, Li X, Xing W, Zhuo S, Zhou J, Li F, Qiao SZ, Lu GQ (2011) Preparation of capacitors electrode from sunflower seed shell. Energy Environ Sci 6:12491259, Boricha H, Fulekar MH (2009) Pseudomonas plecoglossicida as a novel organism for the bioremediation of cypermethrin. Exploitation of cow dung microflora can contribute significantly in sustainable agriculture and energy requirements. The synthesis of activated carbon having high surface area along with optimum micropore and mesopore volume reflects excellent electrochemical application of cow dung for supercapacitors. William Leverne Smith from Hollister, MO on August 02, 2014: Back at the one-room country school in Iowa, cow patties made great bases. 2012; Santos et al. The main uses of the cow dung include biogas production, used as an efficient fuel and a fertilizer. Heavy metals enter into food chain through bioaccumulation from sources such as water, soil and air. 2010; Girija et al. It is also durable for long-term operations (Yang et al. 2015). 2011; Bedada et al. It's sad that people are losing their understanding of agriculture. Answer: Cow dung can be a good fertilizer for soil, but there are several reasons why it shouldnt be applied when its fresh. - from any animal. J Hazard Mater 278:189202, Pathak ML, Kumar A (2003) Cow praising and importance of Panchyagavya as medicine. 2011; Phillips et al. In industrial treatment plant in Patancheru, near Hyderabad (India), 0.9mg ciprofloxacin per gram organic matter was found downstream from common contaminated river sediment (Kristiansson et al. May I ask if, what is the component/substance of that cow manure which makes it as an insect repellent? The nutrient-rich feces also provides good food for earthworms. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/about70percentindiansliveinruralareascensusreport/article2230211.ece. Biological methods are based upon application of appropriate microbes that can improve biodegradation in situ and ex situ (Cookson 1995; Freeman and Harris 1995; Umanu et al. lol what a unique idea for a hub! I appreciate your work , As i am also working with cow dung and clay for better building material, although i wanted to know that during baking process of bricks as dried cow dung is used as flammable substance so what can i do to protect it from burning and also how can i control the moisture content . The process produces heat that kills plant seeds and pathogens in the dung and reduces its unpleasant odor. Another exciting area of research for future studies is developing microbial enzymes and antimicrobials. 1991; Bahadure et al. Nell Rose from England on August 03, 2014: I like the idea of Cow Pie Bingo! This is borne at the top of a stalk projecting beyond the surface of the cow pat. Published at : 04 Jul 2023 05:50 PM (IST) Tags: Agriculture Cow dung Agriculture News , abp News . Surf Interface Anal 40:612615, Dhama K, Chauhan RS, Singhal L (2005a) Anti-cancer activity of cow urine: current status and future directions. about cow dung. Pilobolus, some bacteria, and some animals are decay organisms. Dung is a Gold Mine 11. Google Scholar, Lakshmi SS, Gayathri M, Sudha PN (2008) Study on removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using sulphonated black rice husk ash and sulphonated white rice husk ash. Now focus is shifting towards natural biomass as a potential source for carbon precursors. Quinton James from American Midwest on December 20, 2017: Very entertaining and educational Good job! Another heavy metal, i.e., radiotoxic strontium which is very hazardous due to half-life of 29years, imitates calcium in the body and increases the risk of bone cancer and leukaemia (Peterson et al. 2013). It also contains 24 different minerals like nitrogen, potassium, along with trace amount of sulphur, iron, magnesium, copper, cobalt and manganese. Coming from India, I know that village folk still use cow dung in front of their houses as an insect repellent as well as dry it for fuel.. isolated from contaminated soil of gaswork plant has shown the ability to degrade pyrene up to 60% within 8days maintained at 20C with several degrading products such as Cis-4,5-pyrene dihydrodiol, 4-5-phenanthrene dicarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid were recognised (Rehmann et al. People pay for a square. Cow products: boon to human health and food security Thank you so much for the comment, karthikkash! J Hazard Mater 169:115, Hilyard EJ, Jones-Meehan JM, Spargo BJ, Hill RT (2008) Enrichment, isolation, and phylogenetic identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbondegrading bacteria from Elizabeth river sediments. Hi, Devika. Answer: I have read proposals that this should be done as well as reports that people have actually used the dung to produce hot water. By using this website, you agree to our Can J Plant Sci 95:5565, Bedada W, Karltun E, Lemenih M, Tolera M (2014) Long-term addition of compost and NP fertilizer increases crop yield and improves soil quality in experiments on smallholder farms. and other purple sulphur or purple non-sulphur bacteria are known to produce maximum amount of methane gas in comparison to other photosynthetic bacteria present in cow dung (Rana et al. The general process for making an anaerobic digester for cow dung starts with placing dung and water in an airtight container. 2012; Bhattacharjya et al. Cow Manure Fuels French. 2014). The unsterilized feces may contain microbes that can infect humans. I appreciate your visit. Biogasa boon for India. We really do need to take advantage of it! It involves the use of microorganisms with diverse metabolic capabilities to rapidly degrade hazardous organic pollutants to environmental safe level (Orji et al. I didn't know there were so many uses for cow dung, especially as an insect repellent. ISRN Pharmacol. 2012; Williams et al. Cow dung is packed with high levels of minerals and nutrients and is one of the best natural fertilizers to use in organic gardening. Plant Soil 338:159169, Girija D, Deepa K, Xavier F, Antony I, Shidhi PR (2013) Analysis of cow dung microbiotaa metagenomic approach. Malays J Soil Sci 13:7791, Kalia A, Singh S (2004) Development of a biogas plant. I don't know the details of the process or how efficient or safe it is, however. The percentage of each chemical in cow dung varies, depending on a range of factors. CD is the undigested residue of plant matter which has passed through the animal's gut and includes water (80%), undigested residues (14.4%), and microorganisms (5.6%). A California con artist has been sentenced to nearly seven years in prison for duping investors out of close to $9 million in a Ponzi scheme that claimed to be converting cow poop into green . Recently, researchers observed that addition of cow dung to biomass generated from palm oil industries improves the physical and chemical properties including nutritional composition of compost. US patent 4724144. Thanks for the visit and the comment. The high fibre content of cow dung also enables people to make paper from the dung. These practices are adversely affecting the environment quality which is directly related to the quality of life on earth. This porous carbon is synthesised by many different methods such as using silica or surfactant, aerogels, organometallic compounds, chemical activation and physical activation. A Mycobacterium sp. Testing: Use litmus paper or a pH meter to test cow dung's acidity or alkalinity. An "anaerobic" process occurs in the absence of oxygen. However, if it is used in some other process such as feedstock it may be considered as co-product (Brown 2003). 2012). 2013). Cow dung and urine are the real crop boosters - The Hindu They state here that cow dung can cause infections if put on a open wound. This was for the first time that strains in the genera Proteus, Providencia and Staphylococcus from cow dung displayed nematicidal activity. I've actually collected cow dung to use in my garden in the past. 2013). Your US state privacy rights, I'm glad the information was useful. The first video below shows beetles competing for the dung. The container must be kept warm and left undisturbed so that bacteria can do their work. When plants and animals die and their bodies start to decompose, they are added to the soil in the agricultural land to increase crop . 2015). 1989). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173:15371552, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries Krishi Bhawan (2012) Livestock Census2012 All India Report. I have no idea how much the project would cost. Mar drugs 12:12081219, Xu B, Hou S, Cao G, Wu F, Yang Y (2012) Sustainable nitrogen-doped porous carbon with high surface areas prepared from gelatin for supercapacitors. As I say in the article, biogas produced from cow dung generally contains methane. Yes, cows and their dung are certainly very useful! Effects of cow dung and wood biochars and green manure on soil - Nature Fibres of cellulose acetate are used to make a fabric. One member of xylanolytic bacteria Paenibacillus favisporus sp., from cow dung, was found to produce wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases, cellulases, amylases, gelatinase, urease and -galactosidase (Encarna et al. FEMS Microbiol Rev 13:335350, Vijayaraghavan P, Vincent SGP (2012) Cow dung as a novel, inexpensive substrate for the production of a halo-tolerant alkaline protease by Halomonas sp. Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on August 02, 2014: Thank you for the kind comment and for sharing the interesting information, Homeplace Series! It would be interesting to know whether the smoke from cow feces is a more effective repellent than the smoke from other fuels, and if so why this is the case. (2014) where total petroleum hydrocarbon reduced up to 81% by the metabolic activities of cow dung microorganisms such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on August 17, 2014: Thank you, Vellur. It can support the growth of beneficial microorganisms when it's mixed with soil. 2014). Thanks for the visit. In case of poor enzyme production, genetically improved strains can be constructed for enhanced enzyme production. You informed me perfectly. Who knew cow dung had so many uses? Cow dung or feces is a mixture of indigestible plant material, water, and other substances that is released from the animal's intestine. Cynthia Zirkwitz from Vancouver Island, Canada on August 23, 2014: Yes, well-written article AliciaC-- our 'nomad farmer' son (he travels about helping his farmer friends) once had charge of four young bovine males as composters (there was no intent to slaughter them or use them for other purposes) and all their gardens flourished. Soil is the prominent source from where hundreds of antibiotic-producing organisms have been isolated during the last five decades (Khamna et al. Barot and Bagla (2012) detected biosorption of a radiotoxic strontium (90Sr) by dry cow dung powder. Mark dos Anjos, DVM from The Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil on October 04, 2016: Great article! Few reports have been published describing the importance of cow dung microbiota in effective disposal of pesticides. 2001). I hate the fact that wolves sometimes have a bad reputation that they don't deserve. Marcel Dekker, New York, Wicklow DT, Detroy RW, Jessee BA (1980) Decomposition of lignocellulose by Cyathus stercoreus (Schw.) In organic farming, cow urine is used for preparation of number of growth promoter and bio-pesticides, which are effective in improving soil fertility, and management of large number of pests. Dung from a single cow is sufficient for five acres of land. Cows have also proved their importance in the field of Ayurveda as the dung and urine of cow has healing properties. Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on September 22, 2014: FlourishAnyway from USA on September 22, 2014: Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on September 17, 2014: What an interesting piece of information, Sally. Electrochem Commun 30:912, Islam MR, Rahman SME, Rahman MM, Oh DH, Ra CS (2010) The effects of biogas slurry on the production and quality of maize fodder. Utilization of cow dung residues of biogas plant for sustainable The fertilizer, called Jeevamrutham, is made mixing 10 kg cow dung, 10 litres cow urine, two kg of jaggery, two kg of . When I was a student of civil engineering, I did two projects as part of my final year studies. You can get manure - ok, poop! Organic amendments alone may not offer sufficient nutrient supply to meet the demand (Palm et al. Feces is generally not a favourite topic of conversation, whether it comes from an animal or a human. The understanding of the mechanisms enabling cow dung microbes to degrade hydrocarbons can promote bioremediation of environmental pollutants. Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for - SpringerOpen Carbon 67:736743, Zhang X, Sun Y, Bao J, He F, Xu X, Qi S (2012) Phylogenetic survey and antimicrobial activity of culturable microorganisms associated with the South China Sea black coral Antipathes dichotoma. They leave the digestive tract in the cow's feces. Out of these 14 strains also inhibited another nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This chemical is a good fuel. Yes, it is interesting that cow dung contains so much potential energy. It is one of the bioresources of this world which is available on large scale and still not fully utilised. 2007; Fick et al. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. ), protozoa and yeast (Saccharomyces and Candida) (Nene 1999; Randhawa and Kullar 2011). In the light of above-discussed facts, biogas production can also be considered as an effective way of treating organic waste which may produce green house gases if remain untreated. (2014). I always use it as a fertilizer in my garden, but then it has to be well-sweated - a process that kills the seeds of grass and other plants in the dung. Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on August 05, 2018: Hi, Meu. Incineration is a method of choice for disposal of biomedical waste but it is not environmental friendly due to production of toxic gases giving rise to health complications. Cow urine: Potential resource for sustainable agriculture It's great to hear from someone else who has seen cow dung being used. Kartikey Kumar Gupta. In: Hinchee RE (ed) Bioremediation of inorganics. Activated carbon has recently been synthesised from cow dung by a modified chemical activation method, in which partially carbonised cow dung was treated with potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 2:1. I don't know if I could ever play this type of bingo without wearing gloves. 3, 28 (2016). Testing will provide an accurate determination of the pH level. I appreciate your comment. Cement, wood, and eventually ceramic tiles brought an end to the use of cow dung as a floor-paste. Innov J Bus Manag 2:1921, Donovan B (2008) Breathe in the cow dung, cockiesitll cut your cancer risk. This clears the land and prevents the feces from being washed away by rain to contaminant waterways. Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on September 27, 2014: Thanks for the comment and for sharing the information, john000. In some cultures, feces from domestic cows or buffalo is routinely collected and dried for fuel, sometimes after being mixed with straw. DUNG! It sent me back to the Memory Lane. It's also a plentiful and renewable resource. 2013). Energy Sources 26:707714, Kang BT, Juo ASR (1980) Management of low-activity clay soils in Tropical Africa for food crop production. Int J Sci Technol 3:151159, Ayoola OT, Makinde EA (2008) Performance of green maize and soil nutrient changes with fortified cow dung. Ministry of Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, Lowry CA, Hollis JH, De Vries A, Pan B, Brunet LR, Hunt JRF, Lightman SL (2007) Identification of an immune-responsive mesolimbocortical serotonergic system: potential role in regulation of emotional behavior. It's therefore a bad idea to allow the raw dung to contact a wound or to come into contact with food, the mouth, or another body opening. The dung is amazing stuff. At present, bacterial resistance against the antibiotics is of great concern for clinicians, public health officials and researchers as it results in substantial morbidity, mortality and increased cost of treatment (Naiemi et al. A biogas is a mixture of gases produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter by bacteria. J Biol Food Sci Res 1:2325, Umanu G, Nwachukwu SCU, Olasode OK (2013) Effects of cow dung on microbial degradation of motor oil in lagoon water. The odor is not too offensive and the cows were quite friendly while we invaded their pasture. The production of enzymes by microorganisms from this cheap bioresource can find wide applications in various fields such as agriculture, chemistry and biotechnology. Presently, in India only 10% of total waste water is treated and rest is discharged untreated (Singh and Kohli 2012). Bioresour Technol 102:11181123, Li J, Jha AK, Bajracharya TR (2014) Dry anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung with pig manure for methane production. 2005a; Jarald et al. When I lived in the Sahara the cow dung came out so dry that it looked like horse "road apples". Humans aren't the only ones to make use of cow dung. CMHypno from Other Side of the Sun on August 04, 2014: I never knew there were so many uses for cow dung Alicia. Biofuels 23, Shrivastava S, Mishra A, Pal A (2014) Cow dunga boon for antimicrobial activity. Its important to remember hygiene rules when handling cow dung. Agric Ecosyst Environ 195:193201, Bernal MP, Alburquerque JA, Moral R (2009) Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessmentreview. The total population of female cows in India is 190.90 million out of which 151 million are indigenous whilst 39 million are crossbreed (Livestock Census 2012). & Rana, D. Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for sustainable development. SSSA, Madison, Pandey A, Gundevia HS (2008) Role of the fungusPericoniella sp. The recent areas where cow dung microorganisms are being used are in promoting soil fertility to improve crop yield. Eupenicillium Following this fundamental need to counter antibiotic resistance, one way is to search for new sources having possibilities for antibiotic-producing microorganisms. International program on chemical safety, 1990, Wu B, Oesker V, Wiese J, Schmaljohann R, Imhoff JF (2014) Two new antibiotic pyridones produced by a marine fungus, Trichoderma sp. Plant pathogenic nematodes are one of the important pathogens of crops. Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on September 20, 2017: Hi, suresh. 2008). ;-). Our country is now facing the shortage of coal supplies despite being the third largest coal producer in the world. Thank you very much for the comment and vote, Faith. Appl Environ Microbiol 40:169170, Willey MJ, Sherwood ML, Woolverton JC (2008) Prescott, Harley, and Kleins Microbiology. I've never heard of people throwing cow patties at each other for fun before. Int J Cow Sci 3:12, Garg RN, Pathak H, Das DK, Tomar RK (2005) Use of fly ash and biogas slurry for improving wheat yield and physical properties of soil. Pharma Sci Monit 4:39403946, Palm CA, Robert JKM, Stephen MN (1997) Combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources for soil fertility maintenance and replenishment. It is also used in plastering of walls and floor in rural houses for providing insulation during winter and summer. Gupta, K.K., Aneja, K.R. The collected cow dung is mixed with Panchgavya's formulation and composted for use as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2006; Fang et al. cereus, Proteus it belongs to the family Pilobolaceae. Accessed 25 Jul 2015, Dorothy ET, Frisvad JC (2002) Eupenicillium bovifimosum, a new species from dried cow manure in Wyoming. This is especially likely in areas with a large cow population. Thus, cow dung may not only act as a substitute for chemical fertilisers because it supplements organic matter, but also as a conditioner for soil (Garg and Kaushik 2005; Yadav et al. Excellent article, as always, Alicia :). J Chem Pharm Res 5:240250, The Hindu (2011) About 70 per cent Indians live in rural areas: Census report. Detailed study of cow dung is gaining interest around the world and few attempts have been made for utilising its potential in the field of energy production, pharmaceutical products. Agriculture & Farming - Owlcation CK2108A and CK2801B that possess significant antigungal activity (Dorothy and Frisvad 2002; Lehr et al. Vespa Woolf from Peru, South America on November 27, 2014: Of course Ive heard of cow dung used for fertilizer and fuel, but I didnt realize it could be made into paper or spread on the walls of homes. Dung beetles were known as scarabs by Ancient Egyptians. Asian J Agric Res 4:148154, Orji FA, Ibiere AA, Dike EN (2012) Laboratory scale bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted mangrove swamp in the Niger Delta using cow dung. 2014). 2012; Ullah et al. The synthesised activated carbon when tested as supercapacitor electrodes in practical showed specific capacitance of 124 F/g at 0.1 A/g and retained up to 117 F/g at 1.0 A/g current density. The organic carbon of the soil after treatment with this combination was found to be significantly increased from 1.33 to 3.21%. Its low cost, contains renewable energy and easily available. Removing cow dung from fields is important because the dried pats reduce the grazing area. 2012; Yang et al. 2012; Aly et al. However, much more comprehensive studies are required to be done in this field. The ability of bacteria to methylate arsenic into volatile products mainly arsine, in the form of dimethylarsine, is already known (Bachofen et al. 2013; Mohan and Gupta 2014). Yes it healed very quickly and with no infection.in fact if we had an infection Mom would do the same for it. 1994), production of ethanol from plant biomass (Lamed et al. Aweeeesssooooommmeeeeee!!!!! Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on August 22, 2014: Audrey Howitt from California on August 22, 2014: Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on August 21, 2014: Thank you very much for the comment and the votes, tillsontitan. PV1 for eco-friendly applications. I am truly surprised to learn that it can be used as a building material and to repel insects, which I would have thought it would attract insects or maybe flies. PLoS One 6:e17038, Kuhad RC, Singh S, Lata Singh A (2011) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms. against fish and human pathogenic bacteria. Industrial waste is one of the major sources of heavy metal contamination of environment and involved in destruction of flora and fauna of water (Feng et al. Sally Gulbrandsen from Norfolk on September 17, 2014: Some of the best tennis courts I have played on had a surface which was made from cow dung. High amount of inorganic phosphates is added to soil but phosphorus ions are very reactive and most of the inorganic phosphorous is converted into insoluble phosphorous by immobilisation and chelation with metal ligands present in the soil, thereby becoming unavailable for plant uptake (Macias et al. Agriculture is one of the most widespread activities in the world, but it is not uniform throughout. J Appl Biosci 12:657660, Gamby J, Taberna PL, Simon P, Fauvarque JF, Chesneau M (2001) Studies and characterisations of various activated carbons used for carbon/carbon supercapacitors. Voted up, useful and interesting. Medicinal properties of Cow Urine & Dung 12. 2. Int J Green Pharm 4:2935, Jarald E, Edwin S, Tiwari V, Garg R, Toppo E (2008) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine. It is affordable, at the same time it prevents land degradation also due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and maintains soil fertility. J Chem Pharm Res 6:10661070, Mohapatra D, Mishra D, Rout M, Chaudhury GR (2007) Adsorption kinetics of natural dissolved organic matter and its impact on arsenic(V) leachability from arsenic loaded ferrihydrite and Al-ferrihydrite. (Vijayaraghavan and Vincent 2014). Very interesting. rettgeri, Pseudomonas We buy fresh milk from some very beautiful local cows, so next time I see them I will appreciate them more! Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:5964, Ewusi-Mensah N, Logah V, Akrasi EJ (2015) Impact of different systems of manure management on the quality of cow dung. Discharge of these toxic compounds imparts negative effect on human health hence rejuvenation of environment is todays utmost need (Dhami et al. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci 3:170178, Dhami JK, Singh H, Gupta M (2013) Industrialization at the cost of environment degradationa case of leather and iron and steel industry from Punjab economy. Bioprocess. Thank you very much for the comment. Biogas is also produced through anaerobic digestion of cow dung and other agricultural wastes (Elsayed et al. The optimum production of biogas depends upon mesophilic (3238C) and thermophilic (5055C) temperature range (Kashyap et al. B. subtilis strains are the most predominant isolates from culturable cow dung microflora. 2010; Li et al. When inhaled, it enhanced the growth of neuron which stimulates the production of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (Lowry et al. This is interesting and educative. Biol Med 1:110, Brown RC (ed) (2003) Biorenewable resourcesengineering new products from agriculture. One isolated strain Enterococcus In: Visser J, van Someren MAK, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ (eds) Xylans and xylanases. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas There is so much about basic agriculture that is no longer known by each passing generation as urban areas expand and rural living recedes. Pol J Microbiol 55:289296, Swain MR, Laxminarayana K, Ray RC (2012) Phosphorus solubilization by thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis isolated from cow dung microflora. Chem Mater 24:22562264, Kristiansson E, Fick J, Janzon A, Grabic R, Rutgersson C, Weijdegrd B, Sderstrm H, Larsson DJ (2011) Pyrosequencing of antibiotic-contaminated river sediments reveals high levels of resistance and gene transfer elements. Leaves one to wonder why our western culture has not taken advantage of the renewable resource after all we grow them here in beef country Linda Crampton (author) from British Columbia, Canada on September 05, 2014: Hi, VioletteRose. They have a lot of Black Angus cows here, but thankfully the smell is not bad at all due to they switch the cows out of the three different pastures that go behind my home. An organization or person that knows something about making money from dung may be able to help you. Upsala J Med Sci 119:108112, Laukov A, Czikkov S, Vasilkov Z, Juris P, Marekov M (1998) Occurrence of bacteriocin production among environmental Enterococci. de Toni NRRL 6473, a white rot fungus from cattle dung. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Cucurbitae. Basically if you own a few cows not only will you have a source of meat and milk, but you will have fuel for your fire, be able to make bricks and fertilise your crops. Scientific eff. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 8:685691, Demiral H, Demiral I (2008) Surface properties of activated carbon prepared from wastes. Research has also been conducted on water, ethanol and n-Hexane extract of whole cow dung against Candida, E. coli, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus by Shrivastava et al.

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